v. 9, esp. the reference to the possible acceptance of the Jewish law by the Gentile Galatians as a re-enslavement to the elements, shows that whatever the precise meaning of the words στοιχεῖα and κόσμου, the whole expression ὑπὸ … δεδουλωμένοι (v. 3) and the similar language of v 9 refers inclusively to the condition, both of the Jews as men under law, and of idol-worshippers. See in com. ad loc. on the reference of ἡμεῖς. 5. The tacit assumption that τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου, to which